<=>3> ?>E>68E 18>3@0D89 ?8A0B5;O ;>: ...">
5H51=8:8:

0@80=B 4
;>: ..87=L 8 B2>@G5AB2> . ;>:0
;5:A0=4@ ;5:A0=4@>28G ;>: @>48;AO 8 2>A?8BK20;AO 2 2KA>:>:C;LBC@=>9 42>@O=A:>-8=B5;;835=BA:>9 A5 >B5F, ;5:A0=4@ L2>28G, 25; A2>9 @>4 >B 2@0G0 >30==0 D>= ;>:0, ?@85E02H53> 2 >AA8N 2 A5@548=5 XVIII 25:0 87 5:;5=1C@30, 8 1K; ?@>D5AA>@>< 0@H02A:>3> C=825@A8B5B0 ?> :0D54@5 3>AC40@AB25==>3> ?@020. > >B7K20< AK=0, >= 1K; B0:65 A?>A>1=K< <, 7=0B>:>< ;8B5@0BC@K 8 B>=:8< AB8;8AB><. 4=0:> 53> 45A?>B8G5A:89 E0@0:B5@ AB0; ?@8G8=>9 B>3>, GB> <0BL 1C4CI53> ?>MB0, ;5:A0=4@0 =4@552=0, 1K;0 2K=C645=0 C9B8 >B @>645=8O AK=0. "0:8< >1@07><, 45BA:85 8 N=>H5A:85 3>4K ;>:0 ?@>H;8 A=0G0;0 2 ?5B5@1C@3A:>< @5:B>@A:>< 4><5 (454, =4@59 8:>;0528G 5:5B>2, ?@>D5AA>@-1>B0=8:, @5:B>@ 5B5@1C@3A:>3> C=825@A8B5B0) , 70B5<, ?>A;5 2B>@>3> 70<0B5@8, 2 4><5 >BG8<0 >D8F5@0 $@0=F0 $5;8:A>28G0 C1;8F:>3>-8>BBCE, 0 :064>5 ;5B> 2 15:5B>2A:>< ?>4<>A:>2=>< 8<5=88 (0E<0B>25.
;815@0;L=>9 8 =0@>4>;N182>9 A52KE <=>385 70=8<0;8AL ;8B5@0BC@=K< B@C4><. 54 ;>:0 1K; 02B>@>< =5 B>;L:> A>;84=KE B@C4>2, => 8 <=>38E =0CG=>-?>?C;O@=KE >G5@:>2. 01CH:0, ;87025B0 @83>@L52=0, 2AN 687=L 70=8<0;0AL ?5@52>40<8 =0CG=KE 8 EC4>65AB25==KE ?@>872545=89. !?8A>: 55 B@C4>2 3@><045= , 2A?><8=0; ?>74=55 2=C:. 8B5@0BC@=>9 @01>B>9 A8AB5<0B8G5A:8 70=8<0;8AL 8 55 4>G5@8 <0BL ;>:0 8 53> B5B:8.
B<>AD5@0 ;8B5@0BC@=KE 8=B5@5A>2 >G5=L @0=> ?@>1C48;0 2 =5< =5?@5>4>;8M788. ;03>40@O 2>A?><8=0=8O< . . 5:5B>2>9 4> =0A 4>H;8 45BA:85 AB8E8 ;>:0, =0?8A0==K5 8< 2 ?OB8;5B=5< 2>7@0AB5. 4=0:> A5@L57=>5 >1@0I5=85 : ?>MB8G5A:>@G5AB2C, 2> <=>3>< A2O70==>5 A C2;5G5=85< N=>3> ;>:0 ?>M7859 C:>2A:>3>, CH:8=0, 5@<>=B>20, "NBG520, $5B0, >;>=A:>3>, ?0405B =0 3>4K >:>=G0=8O 8< 38<=0788 8 ?>ABC?;5=8O 2 1898 3>4C =0 N@848G5A:89 D0:C;LB5B 5B5@1C@3A:>3> C=825@A8B5B0 (2 1901 3>4C >= ?5@5945B =0 A;02O=>-@CAA:>5 >B45;5=85 8AB>@8:>-D8;>;>38G5A:>3> D0:C;LB5B0 8 CA?5H=> 70:>=G8B 53> 2 1906 3>4C) .
8@8:0 ;>:0 O2;5=85 C=8:0;L=>5. @8 2A5< <=>3>>1@0788 55 ?@>1;5<0B8:8 8 EC4>65AB25==KE @5H5=89, ?@8 2A5< >B;8G88 @0==8E AB8E>B2>@5=89 >B ?>A;54CNI8E >=0 2KABC?05B :0: 548=>5 F5;>5, :0: >4=> @0725@=CB>5 2> 2@5<5=8 ?@>872545=85, :0: >B@065=85 ?@>945==>3> ?>MB>< ?CB8 . 0 MBC 55 >A>15==>ABL C:07K20; 8 A0< ;>:.
>2B>@8 2 19101911 3>40E, ?>43>B02;820O : 8740=8N A2>5 ?5@2>5 A>1@0=85 AB8E>B2>@5=89, ;>: @07<5AB8; 8E ?> B@5< :=830<. -B> B@5EB><=>5 45;5=85 ?>MB A>E@0=8; 8 2 42CE ?>A;54CNI8E 8740=8OE (1916 8 19181921) , E>BO 2=CB@8 B><>2 02B>@ 8 2=5A ACI5AB25==K5 87<5=5=8O. >:>=G0B5;L=>< 2845 B@8 B><0 2:;NG0NB 2 A51O 18 ;8@8G5A:8E F8:;>2 (AB@0= 4CH8 , ?> 2K@065=8N ?>MB0) . ?@548A;>288 : ?5@2>1@0=8O AB8E>B2>@5=89 ;>: ?>4G5@:820; 548=AB2> A2>53> 705 AB8E>B2>@5=85 =5>1E>48<> 4;O >1@07>20=8O 3;02K (B.5. F8:;0. 54.) ; 87 =5A:>;L:8E 3;02 A>AB02;O5BAO :=830; :0640O :=830 5ABL G0ABL B@8;>388; 2AN B@8;>38N O <>3C =0720BL @><0=>< 2 AB8E0E ... G5@57 =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52 2 ?8AL<5 : =4@5N 5;>= @0A:@K205B >A=>2=>9 A2 ?@>945==>3> 8< ?CB8 8 A>45@60=85 :064>9 87 :=83 B@8;>388: ... B0:>2 <>9 ?CBL, B5?5@L, :>340 >= ?@>945=, O B25@4> C25@5=, GB> MB> 4>;6=>5 8 GB> 2A5 AB8E8 2<5AB5 B@8;>38O 2>G5;>25G5=8O (>B <3=>25=8O A;8H:>< O@:>3> A25B0 G5@57 =5>1E>48;>B8ABK9 ;5A : >BG0O=LN, ?@>:;OB8O<, 2>7<5748N* 8... : @>645=8N G5;>25:0 >1I5AB25==>3> , EC4>6=8:0, 3;O4OI53> 2 ;8F> <8@C..,) .
?5@2K9 B>< (18981903) 2>H;8 B@8 F8:;0. 5@2K9 87 =8E Ante lucem (> A25B0 ) :0: 1K ?@5420@5=85 1C4CI53> =5;53:>3> ?CB8. 1I0O @><0=B8G5A:0O =0AB@>5==>ABL F8:;0 ?@54>?@545;8;0 8 0=B8=><8G5A:>5 >B=>H5=85 <>;>4>3> ?>MB0 : 687=8. 0 >4=>< ?>;NA5 <>B82K <@0G=>9 @07>G0@>20==>AB8, :06CI85AO B0:8<8 =55AB5AB25==K<8 4;O 452OB=04F0B8;5B=53> N=>H8: / AB0@ 4CH>9. 0:>9-B> 6@5189 G5@=K9 // >9 4>;389 ?CBL . ;8: !<5NAL =04 60;:>N B>;?>N // 274>E>2 59 =5 >B40N . 0B> =0 4@C3>< BO30 : 687=8, ?@8OB85 55:
/ AB@5<;NAL : @>A:>H=>9 2>;5,
GCAL : ?@5:@0A=>9 AB>@>=5,
45 2 H8@>:>< G8AB>< ?>;5
%>@>H>, :0: 2 GC4=>< A=5,
8 >A>7=0=85 2KA>:>9 <8AA88 ?>MB0, 53> 3@O4CI53> B>@65AB20:
> : ?5;8 1;878BAO ?>MB,
!B@5<8BAO, 8AB8=>9 2;5:>
24@C3 ?@>2848B =>2K9 A25B
0 40;LN, ?@5645 =57=0:><>9...
&5=B@0;L=K9 F8:; ?5@2>3> B><0 !B8E8 > @5:@0A=>9 0<5 . -B> 8 5ABL B> <3=>25=85 A;8H:>< O@:>3> A25B0 , > :>B>@>< ;>: ?8A0; . 5;>< F8:;5 =0H;8 >B@065=85 ;N1>2L <>;>4>3> ?>MB0 : A2>59 1C4CI59 65=5 . . 5=45;552>9 8 C2;5G5=85 53> D8;>A>DA:8<8 845O<8 ;. !>;>2L520. 081>;55 1;87:> 5 2@5 CG5=85 D8;>A>D0 > ACI5AB2>20=88 CH8 8@0, 8;8 5G=>9 5=AB25==>AB8, :>B>@0O <>65B ?@8<8@8BL 75<;N 8 =51> 8 A?0AB8 =0E>4OI89AO =0 3@0=8 :0B0AB@>DK <8@ G5@57 53> 4CE>2=>5 >1=>2;5=85. 82>9 >B:;8: C ?>MB0-@><0=B8:0 ?>;CG8;0 A>D0 > B><, GB> A0<0 ;N1>2L : <8@C >B:@KB0 G5@57 ;N1>2L : 65=I8=5.
!>;>2L52A:85 8458 42>5<8@8O , A>G5B0=85 <0B5@80;L=>3> 8 4CE>2=>3> 2>?;>B8;8AL 2 F8:;5 G5@57 <=>3>>1@07=CN A8AB5<2>;>2. =>3>?;0=>2 >1;8: 35@>8=8. ! >4=>9 AB>@>=K, MB> 2?>;=5 @50;L=0O, 75<=0O 65=I8=0. =0 AB@>9=0 8 2KA>:0, // A5340 =04<5==0 8 AC@>20 . 5@>9 2848B 55 :064K9 45=L 8740;5:0 . ! 4@C3>9 65 AB>@>=K, ?5@54 =0<8 =515A=K9, <8AB8G5A:89 >1@07 52K , 0@8 , 5;8G02>9 5G=>9 65=K , !2OB>9 . /A=>9 , 5?>AB868<>9 ... "> 65 <>6=> A:070BL 8 > 35@>5 F8:;0. / 8 <>;>4, 8 A256, 8 2;N1;5= , 2?>;=5 75<=0O A0<>E0@0:B5@8AB8:0. 40;55 >= 65 157@04>AB=K9 8 B5<=K9 8=>: 8;8 >B@>: , 706830NI89 A25G8. ;O CA8;5=8O <8AB8G5A:>3> 2?5G0B;5=8O ;>: I54@> 8A?>;L7C5B M?8B5BK, B0:85, =0?@8<5@, :0: ?@87@0G=K5 , =5254>B0 =587@5G5==0O , =5?>AB868<0O B09=0 , 3@CABL =5A:070==KE =0<5:>2 8 B.?.
"0:8< >1@07>< 8AB>@8O 75<=>9, 2?>;=5 @50;L=>9 ;N128 ?@5>1@0605BAO 2 @><0=B8:>-A8<2>;8G5A:89 <8AB8:>-D8;>A>DA:89 <8D. # =53> A2>O D01C;0 8 A2>9 AN65B. A=>20 D01C;K ?@>B82>?>AB02;5=85 75<=>3> (;8@8G5A:89 35@>9) =515A=><0) 8 2 B> 65 2@5<;5=85 : 8E A>548=5=8N, 2AB@5G5 , 2 @57C;LB0B5 G53> 8 4>;6=> =0ABC?8BL ?@5>1@065=85 <8@0, ?>;=0O 30@<>=8O. 4=0:> ;8@8G5A:89 AN65B >A;>6=O5B 8 4@0<0B878@C5B D01C;C. B AB8E>B2>@5=8O : AB8E>B2>@5=8N ?@>8AE>48B A<5=0 =0AB@>5=89 35@>O: @04C6=K5 =04564K 8 A><=5=8O 2 =8E, >6840=85 ;N128 8 1>O7=L 55 :@CH5=8O, 25@0 2 =587<5==>ABL >1;8:0 52K 8 4>?CI5=85 B>3>, GB> >= <>65B 1KBL 8A:065= (> AB@0H=> <=5: 87<5=8HL >1;8: "K ) .
@0<0B8G5A:0O =0?@O65==>ABL ?@8ACI0 8 7025@H0NI5< F8:;C A <=>3>7=0G8B5;L=K< =0720=85< 0A?CBLO . "5<0 @5:@0A=>9 04>;605B 72CG0BL 8 2 MB>< F8:;5, => 745AL 2>7=8:05B 8 =5GB> =>2>5: :0G5AB25==> 8=0O A2O7L A ?>2A54=52=>ABLN , 2=8<0=85 : ;N4A:>@N, A>F80;L=0O ?@>1;5<0B8:0 ($01@8:0 , 7 3075B , > 15@53C ?;5;AO 1>;L=>9 G5;>25:... 8 4@.) . 0A?CBLO =0<5G0NB 2>7<>6=>ABL 3@O4CI8E ?5@5<5= 2 B2>@G5AB25 ?>MB0, :>B>@K5 >BG5B;82> ?@>O2OB A51O C65 2> 2B>@>< B><5.
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
!2>5>1@07=K9 ?@>;>3 :> 2B>@><;8 . >MB =5>6840==> 8 ?>;5<8G5A:8 >1@0I05BAO : 87>1@065=8N =87<5==>9 ?@8@>4K: 25G=>AB8 1>;>B , @602KE :>G5: 8 ?=59 , D0=B0AB8G5A:8E A:07>G=KE B20@59, 8E =0A5;ONI8E. = <>3 1K A:070BL 2<5AB5 A> A2>8< 4>1@59H8< 1>;>B=K< ?>?8:>< :
CH0 <>O @040
AO:>
2AO:>
> 2AO:>9 25@5,
?@87=020O 70:>=><5@=>ABL ACI5AB2>20=8O MB>3> AB8E89=>3> <8@0 8 ?@02> 53> >18B0B5;59 GB8BL A2>53> ?>;52>3> %@8AB0 .
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
>B >=8 40;Q:>,
5A5;> ?;K2CB.
">;L:> 20A A B>1>N,
5@=>, =5 2>7L
(0@:0 687=8 AB0;0...)
0 B0:>9 I5B5 =0G8=05B 72CG0BL 2 ;8@8:5 ;>:0 >4=0 87 3;02=KE 4;O =53> ?@>1;5< =0@>4 8 8=B5;;835=F8O.
><8<> <>B82>2, A2O70==KE A @52>;NF8>==K<8 A>1KB8O<8, 2 =0720==KE F8:;0E >B@065=K 8 <=>385 4@C385 AB>@>=K <=>3>>1@07=>9 8 15A:>=5G=> 87<5=G82>9 @CAA:>9 687=8. > >A>1>5 7=0G5=85 ?@8>1@5B0NB AB8E>B2>@5=8O, 345 ?>MB @0725@BK205B H8@>:>>E20B=K9 >1@07 @>48=K 8 ?>4G5@:8205B A2>N =5@07@K2=CN A2O7L A =59. ?5@2>< 87 =8E (A5==OO 2>;O , 1905) >BG5B;82> ?@>A<0B@820NBAO ;5@<>=B>2A:85 B@048F88. AB8E>B2>@5=88 >48=0 5@<>=B>2 =0720; A2>N ;N1>2L : >BG87=5 AB@0==>9 , ?>B> >=0 @0AE>48BAO A B@048F8>==K< ?0B@8>B87<>< . @>38 =5 A;020, :C?;5==0O :@>2LN , 0 AB5?59 E>;>4=>5 <>;G0=L5 8 4@>60I85 >3=8 ?5G0;L=KE 45@525=L . "0:>20 65 8 ;N1>2L ;>:0: 04 ?5G0;LN =82 B2>8E 70?;0GC, // "2>9 ?@>AB>@ =025:8 ?>;N1;N... , A B>9, ?>60;C9, @07=8F59, GB> >=0 C =53> 1>;55 8=B8<=0O, 1>;55 ;8G=0O. 5 A;CG09=> >1@07 @>48=K ?5@5B5:05B 745AL 2 >1@07 65=I8=K ( 240;8, 240;8 ?@87K2=> <0H5B // "2>9 C7>@=K9, B2>9 F25B=>9 @C:02 ) , ?@85<, :>B>@K9 1C45B ?>2B>@OBLAO 8 2 1>;55 ?>74=8E AB8E>B2>@5=8OE ;>:0 > @>48=5. ;>:>2A:89 35@>9 =5 A;CG09=K9 ?@>E>689, 0 >48= 87 AK=>259 >AA88, 84CI89 7=0:>< 8 A>?@8G0AB=K9 3>@L:>9 AC4L15 B5E, :B> C<8@05B, =5 ;N1O , => :B> AB@5<8BAO : A;8O=8N A @>48=>9: @8NB8 BK 2 40;OE =5>1JOB=KE! // 0: 8 68BL 8 ?;0:0BL 157 B51O! >-8=>1@07 >BG87=K 2 AB8E>B2>@5=88 CAL (1906) . CAL MB> B09=0 2>B 8AE>4=>5 8 8B>3>2>5 @57N<5, ?>4G5@:=CB>5 :>;LF52>9 :> 78F859 AB8E>B2>@5=8O. >=0G0;C :065BAO, GB> B09=0 CA8 ?@>8AB5:05B 87 ?@540=89 AB0@8=K : 3> 27>@0 :>;4C=0 , 254C=>2 A 2>@>65O<8, 254L<, G5@B59... 4=0:>, 2G8BK20OAL 2 AB8E>B2>@5=85, =0G8=05HL ?>=8<0BL, GB> B09=0 CA8 =5 2 MB><. =0 B0<, 345 @07=>;8:85 =0@>4K // 7 :@0O 2 :@09, 87 4>;0 2 4>; // 54CB =>G=K5 E>@>2>4K // >4 70@52>< 3>@OI8E A5; . 07304:0 B09=K 2 682>9 4CH5 =0@>40, =5 70?OB=02H59 =0 ?@>AB>@0E >AA88 A2>59 ?5@2>=0G0;L=>9 G8AB>BK . 'B>1K 55 ?>AB8GL, =04> 68BL >4=>N 687=LN A =0@>4><.
>3@C60OAL 2 AB8E8N ?>2A54=52=>AB8, ;>: A>7405B 8 @O4 AB8E>B2>@5=89, :>B>@K9 8AA;54>20B5;8 53> B2>@G5AB20 =07K20NB G5@40G=K< F8:;>< : %>;>4=K9 45=L , >:BO1@5 , >GL. >@>4 C3><>=8;AO... , "/ 2 G5BK@5E AB5=0E C18BK9 // 5<=>9 701>B>9 8 =C64>9... , :=0 2> 42>@ , %>6C, 1@>6C ?>=C@K9... , 0 G5@40:5 8 4@. 8@8G5A:89 35@>9 F8:;0 ?@54AB028B5;L 3>@>4A:8E =87>2, >48= 87 <=>38E C=865==KE 8 >A:>@1;5==KE , >18B0B5;L 3>@>4A:8E ?>420;>2 8 G5@40:>2. #65 A0<8 =0720=8O 8 70G8=K AB8E>2, 0 2 5I5 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8 45B0;8 >1AB0=>2:8, >:@C60NI59 35@>O (7;>2>==K5 425@8 , =87:89 ?>B>;>: , 70?;520==K9 C3>; , >;>2O==K5 :@>2;8 , :>;>457L 42>@0 8 ?@.) , :06CBAO =5>6840==K<8 2 CAB0E ?52F0 @5:@0A=>9 0 2>B GB> 5I5 C4828B5;L=55: 35@>9 G5@40G=>3> F8:;0 ?@8 2A59 A2>59 2=5H=59 =5?>E>65AB8 =0 02B>@0 2>A?@8=8<05BAO =0<8 8<5==> :0: 2K@078B5;L 02B>@A:>3> O . MB> =5 0:B5@A:89 ?@85< ?>MB0, 83@0NI53> A>>B25BAB2CNICN @>;L. 45AL ?@>O28;0AL ACI5AB25==0O >A>15==>ABL 1;>:>2A:>3> ;8@87<0, :>B>@CN >= =5 B>;L:> A>7=020;, => 8 0:B82=> 70I8I0;: 8A0B5;L, <>65B 1KBL, 1>;LH5 2A53> G5;>25:, ?>B> 5A>15==> 1572>72@0B=> 8 3>@5AB=> @0AB@0G820BL A2>5 G5;>25G5A:>5 O , @0AB2>@OBL 53> 2 <0AA5 4@C38E B@51>20B5;L=KE 8 =51;03>40@=KE O . 5I5: ... 8A0B5;L, 25@CNI89 2 A2>5 ?@8720=85, :0:8E 1K @07<5@>2 MB>B ?8A0B5;L =8 1K;, A>?>AB02;O5B A51O A> A2>59 @>48=>9, ?>;030O, GB> 1>;55B 55 1>;57=O<8, A>@0A?8=05BAO A =5N... "0:8< >1@07><, A0<>@0A:@KB85 1;>:>2A:>3> ;8@8G5A:>3> 35@>O 2 @O45 A;CG052 ?@>8AE>48B G5@57 @0AB2>@5=85 A51O 2 GC68E O , G5@57 A>@0A?8=0=85 53> A MB8<8 GC68<8 O , 1;03>40@O G58AE>48B >1@5B5=85 A0<>3> A51O.
20 A;54CNI8E F8:;0 2B>@>3> B><0 !=56=0O <0A:0* 8 $08=0 >B@060NB 2=570?=> 2A?KE=C2H55 GC2AB2> ?>MB0 : 0:B@8A5 . . >;>E>2>9. !B8E8O ?@8@>4K (C7K@8 75<;8 ) , AB8E8O ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8 ( 07=K5 AB8E>B2>@5=8O , >@>4 ) B5?5@L A<5=ONBAO AB8E859 E<5;L=>9, 8A?5?5;ONI59 AB@0AB8. B4020OAL A2>59 !=56=>9 <0A:8 , =0AB83=CBK9 <5B5;LN , ?>3@C605BAO 2 28E@8 A=56=K5 , 2 A=56=K9 <@0: >G59 , C?8205BAO MB8<8 A=56=K<8 E<5;O<8 8 2> 8B>2 A3>@5BL =0 A=56=>< :>AB@5 . 0<5B8<, GB> A8<2>;K 25B@0, <5B5;8 ?@>94CB G5@57 2AN ?>M78N ;>:0 2?;>BL 4> ?>M<5=CO A>1>9 AB8E89=CN, 48=0<8G5A:CN AB>@>=C 687=8. 5@>8=O F8:;0 ?>GB8 ;8H5=0 :>=:@5B=KE ?@8<5B, 55 G5@BK @><0=B8G5A:8 CA;>2=K (C =55 =587156=K5 3;070 , >=8 <>3CB F25AB8 ; B8E0O ?>ABC?L 8 A=56=0O :@>2L , 55 3>;>A A;KH5= A:2>7L <5B5;8 ) .
F8:;5 $08=0 >1@07 35@>8=8 >1>30I05BAO =>2K<8 A2>9AB20<8. =0 =5 B>;L:> 2>?;>I5=85 AB8E88 4CH8 , => 8 2K@065=85 AB8E88 =0@>4=>9 687=8:
!<>B@N O @C:8 2A:8=C;0,
H8@>:89 ?;OA ?>H;0,
&25B0<8 2A5E >AK?0;0
2 ?5A=5 87>H;0...
525@=0O, ;C:020O,
>20@=0O ?;OH8!
1C4L =025: >B@02>N
0AB@0G5==>9 4CH8.
>B82 @0AB@0G5==>9 4CH8 72CG8B 8 2 4@C38E AB8E>B2>@5=8OE F8:;0, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 2 H8@>:> 8725AB=>< , 25A=0 157 :>=F0 8 157 :@0N... . 3> >1KG=> ?@82>4OB :0: ?@8<5@ 3> 273;O40 ?>MB0 =0 687=L. MB>, :>=5G=>, 25@=>. > A0< ;>: 3>2>@8;, GB> EC4>6=8:, 3;O4OI89 2 ;8F> <8@C , 23;O4K205BAO 2 :>=BC@K 4>1@0 8 7;0 F5=>N CB@0BK G0AB8 4CH8 . 540@>< AB8E>B2>@5=85 MB> 70:0=G8205BAO C?><8=0=85< =5 B>;L:> 8 3815;8 :
A<>B@N, 8 2@064C 87<5@ON,
5=0284O, :;O=O 8 ;N1O:
0
A5 @02=>: ?@8=8<0N B51O!
4=0:> 87 <8@0 AB8E89, 1CHCNI8E ;8;>2KE <8@>2 , :0: >?@545;O5B A0< ;>: ?5@8>4 0=B8B57K , >B@065==K9 2> 2B>@>< B><5, EC4>6=8: 2KE>48B =5 AB>;L:> A CB@0B0<8, A:>;L:> A >1@5B5=8O<8. "5?5@L 70 ?;5G0<8 2A5 <>5 8 2A5 =5 <>5 , @02=> 25;8:>5... ?8H5B >= 2 ?8AL<5 . 5;> =>2>5 <8@>>ICI5=85 ?>MB0 >B@078;>AL 8 2 25=G0NI5< 2B>@>9 B>< F8:;5 A <=>3>7=0G8B5;L=K< =0720=85< >;L=K5 <5==> 745AL 72CG0B A;>20, ?@5425I0NI85 53> ?5@5E>4 : B@5BL5 2>G5;>25G5=8O :
A5340 E>GC A<>B@5BL 2 3;070 ;N4A:85,
?8BL 28=>, 8 65=I8= F5;>20BL,
O@>ABLN 65;0=89 ?>;=8BL 25G5@,
>340 60@0 <5H05B 4=5< <5GB0BL.
?5A=8 ?5BL! A;CH0BL 2 <8@5 25B5@!
"@5B89 B>< 7025@H0NI89, 2KAH89 MB0? ?@>945==>3> ?>MB>< B@C4=>3>, ?>4G0A 3> ?CB8. "57C ?5@2>3> 8 0=B8B57C 2B>@>3> B><0 A<5=O5B A8=B57 . !8=B57 MB> =>20O, 1>;55 2KA>:0O ABC?5=L >AAB8, >B25@30NI0O ?@54K4CI85 8 2 B> 65 2@5548=ONI0O 2 A515 ?>-=>2>B>@K5 8E G5@BK. -B> A;54C5B 8<5BL 2 284C, 81> ACI5AB2C5B 4>2>;L=> @0A?@>AB@0=5==>5 ?@54AB02;5=85 > ?CB8 ;>:0 :0: > ?@O<>;8=59=>< 8 =5C:;>==>< 42865=88 2A5 2?5@54 8 2KH5 . <564C B5< A0< ?>MB A2845B5;LAB2>20;, GB> 53> 2>AE>645=85 H;> =5 ?> ?@O<>9, 0 ?> A?8@0;8 8 A>?@>2>640;>AL >B:;>=5=8O<8 8 2>72@0B0<8 . A>45@60=85 B@5BL53> B><0 ?>4B25@6405B MB>.
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
45AL >BACBAB2CNB 5AB5AB25==K5, 74>@>2K5 G5;>25G5A:85 GC2AB20. N1>2L? 5 B>65 =5B. ABL 3>@L:0O AB@0ABL, :0: ?>;K=L , =87:0O AB@0ABL , 1C=B G5@=>9 :@>28 (#=865=85 , 0 >AB@>20E , @5AB>@0=5 , '5@=0O :@>2L ) . 5@>9, CB@0B82H89 4CHC, ?@54AB05B ?5@54 =0<8 2 @07=KE >1;8G8OE. "> >= ;5@<>=B>2A:>-2@C15;52A:89 45<>=, AB@040NI89 A0< 8 =5ACI89 3815;L 4@C38< (420 AB8E>B2>@5=8O A >48=0:>2K< =0720=85< 5<>= ) , B> AB0@5NI89 N=>H0 42>9=8: ;8@8G5A:>3> 35@>O (2>9=8: ) . @85< 42>9=8G5AB20 ;53 2 >A=>2C 8 B@038G5A:8-A0B8@8G5A:>3> F8:;0 87=L <>53> ?@8OB5;O . -B> 8AB>@8O G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 2 AC<0AH5AB288 B8E>< 15AAAB=KE 1C45= @0AB@0B8; A>:@>28I0 A2>59 4CH8: @>1C48;AO: B@84F0BL ;5B.// %20BL-?>E20BL, 0 A5@4F0 =5B . 5G0;L=K9 8B>3 53> 687=8 ?>42>48B A0<0 A<5@BL (>2>@8B A<5@BL ) :
! =53> 4>2>;L=> A;028BL >30,
#6 >= =5 3>;>A, B>;L:> AB>=,
/ >B2>@N. CA:09 =5<=>3>
I5 ?>=.
"@038G5A:>5 <8@>>ICI5=85, C3@N , A2>9AB25==K5 1>;LH8=AB2C AB8E>B2>@5=89 F8:;0, =0E>4OB A2>5 :@09=55 2K@065=85 2 B5E 87 =8E, 345 70:>=K AB@0H=>3> <8@0 ?@8>1@5B0NB :>A<8G5A:85 <0AHB01K: 8@K ;5BOB. >40 ;5BOB. CAB0O A5;5==0O 3;O48B 2 =0A <@0:>< 3;07. BK, 4CH0, CAB0;0O, 3;CE0O, AG0AB88 B25@48HL, :>B>@K9 @07?
KA;L > @>:>2>< :@C3>2>@>B5 687=8, > 55 157KAE>4=>AB8 A C4828B5;L=>9 ?@>AB>B>9 8 A8;>9 2K@065=0 2 8725AB=>< 2>AL<8AB8H88 >GL, C;8F0, D>=0@L, 0?B5:0... . -B>A>1AB2CNB 53> :>;LF520O :> 78F8O, B>G=K5 8 5<:85 M?8B5BK (15AA=5F, =5>1KG=0O 8 A<5;0O 38?5@1>;0 (#<@5HL =0G=5HL >?OBL A=0G0;0 ) .
"0:>9 65 >1>1I0NI89 AA;54=55 AB8E>B2>@5=85 F8:;0 >;>A 87 E>@0 . =5< 72CG8B <@0G=>5, ?>8AB8=5 0?>:0;8?A8G5A:>5 ?@>@>G5AB2> > 3@O4CI5< B>@65AB25 7;0 2> 2A5< <8@5:
25: ?>A;54=89, C60A=59 2A5E,
#2848< 8 2K 8 O.
A5 =51> A:@>5B 3=CA=K9 3@5E,
0 2A5E CAB0E 70ABK=5B A<5E,
">A:0 =51KB8O...
70:;NG8B5;L=K5 AB@>:8:
, 5A;8 1 7=0;8, 45B8, 2K,
%>;>4 8 <@0: 3@O4CI8E 4=59!
7=0G05B ;8 MB>, GB> ;>: ?@87=05B B>@65AB2> AB@0H=>3> <8@0 =04 ;N4L<8 8 B0:8< >1@07>< :0?8BC;8@C5B ?5@54 =8 2> A0<>MBC: G5=L =5?@8OB=K5 AB8E8 CGH5 1K 1K;> MB8< A;>20< >AB0BLAO =5A:070==K<8. > O 4>;65= 1K; 8E A:070BL. "@C4=>5 =04> ?@5>4>;5BL. 70 =8< 1C45B OA=K9 45=L .
"53> <8@0 ?@>4>;60NB 420 =51>;LH8E F8:;0 >7<57485 8 /<1K . !;>2> 2>7<57485 ?>=8<0NB >1KG=> :0: =0:070=85 70 =5:>5 ?@5ABC?;5=85. @8G5< =0:070=85, 8AE>4OI55 A> AB>@>=K, >B :>3>-B>. >7<57485, ?> ;>:C, MB> ?@5645 2A53> >AC645=85 G5;>25:>< A0<>3> A51O, AC4 A>1AB25==>9 A>25AB8. ;02=0O 28=0 35@>O 87<5=0 40==K< :>340-B> A2OI5==K< >15B0<, 2KA>:>9 ;N128, 87<5=0 G5;>25G5A:>< MB>?CAB>H5==>ABL, CAB0;>ABL >B 687=8, ?>:>@=>5 >6840=85 A<5@B8. -B8 <>B82K 72CG0B 2> 2A5E AB8E>B2>@5=8OE F8:;0 >7<57485 , =0G8=0O A ?5@2>3> H8@>:> 8725AB=>3> 4>1;5ABOE, > ?>42830E, > A;025... 8 :>=G0O (030<8 :><0=4>@0 8 0: A25@H8;>AL, :0: A;CG8;>AL? . 8A?>;=5==KE 3;C1>:>3> A8<2>;8G5A:>3> 7=0G5=8O (030E :><0=4>@0 ;>: ?5@5>A >= C0=5. 3> 35@>9 2KABC?05B =5 2 0 ==>3> A>1;07=8B5;O, 0 2 @>;8 87<5==8:0, ?@57@52H53> ;N1>2L 52K !25B0, 4>==K ==K. E>BO >= 8 1@>A05B 45@7:89 2K7>2 AC4L15: 87=L ?CAB0, 157C<=0 8 1574>==0! // KE>48 =0 18B2C, AB0@K9 @>:! 53> ?>@065=85 ?@54>?@545;5=>. @52KH5 2A53> F5=82H89 A2>N ?>ABK;CN A2>1>4C 8 ?@5402H89 52C !25B0 , >= >1@5G5= =0 3815;L: >==0 ==0 2 A<5@B=K9 G0A B2>9 2AB0=5B.// ==0 2AB0=5B 2 A<5@B=K9 G0A .
A;8 2 F8:;5 >7<57485 @0A?;0B5 ?>425@305BAO ;8G=>ABL, 4>?CAB82H0O 2>7459AB285 =0 A51O 3C18B5;L=KE O4>2 AB@0H=>3> <8@0 , B> 2 /<10E 2>7<57485 3@>78B C65 =5 >B45;L=>25:C, 0 AB@0H=><8@C 2 F5;><. !2>9 8 @8B<8G5A:>9 >A=>2>9 F8:;0 AB0; 3=52=K9 O<1 . -B> ?>4G5@:8205B 8 M?83@0D : =520 4@52=5@83> A0B8@8:0 .25=0;0: 53>4>20=85 @>6405B AB8E . 0=55 2 ?8AL<5 : . 5;>: ?@87=020; ?@02> 74@02>, G5AB=>, =0O2C 3>2>@8BL " 2A5OI5;L:> 70 B5< G5;>25:><, :B> 45;05B MB> ?>-1>6L8 (B.5. 8<5O 2 A515 2 A05, => 25@=>5 ) . -B> 25@0 2 4>1@> 8 A25B 8 65;0=85 B@C48BLAO 2> 8 B>@65AB20, ?@>72CG0;> 2> 2ABC?8B5;L=>< AB8E>B2>@5=88 F8:;0:
, O E>GC 157C<=> 68BL:
A5 ACI55 C25:>25G8BL,
57;8G=>5 2>G5;>25G8BL,
5A1K2H55AO 2>?;>B8BL!
>2>@O =5B 4=O< =0AB>OI8< , ?>MB C15645= 2 B><, GB> :@CH5=85 AB0@KE CAB>52 687=8 =587156=>:
0 =5?@>3;O4=K9 C60A 687=8
B:@>9 A:>@59, >B:@>9 3;070,
>:0 25;8:0O 3@>70
A5 =5 A<5;0 2 B2>59 >BG87=5...
(0, B0: 48:BC5B, 24>E=>25=L5...)
-B0 25;8:0O 3@>70 , ?> ;>:C, @07@078BAO 2 @57C;LB0B5 CA8;89 =>2KE, <>;>4KE ;N459 (.=>ABL MB> 2>7<57485 ) :
/ 25@N: =>2K9 25: 27>945B
!@54L 2A5E =5AG0AB=KE ?>:>;5=89.
CABL 45=L 40;5: C =0A 2A5 B5 6
025BK N=>H0< 8 4520<:
@57@5=L5 A>3@5205B 3=52><,
7@5;>ABL 3=520 5ABL
( >3=5 8 E>;>45 B@52>3...)
1 MB>< 65 ?>MB ?8A0; 2 >4=>< 87 A2>8E ?8A5< 1909 3>40: 52>;NF8O @CAA:0O 2 55 ;CGH8E ?@54AB028B5;OE N=>ABL A =8<1>< 2>:@C3 ;8F0 .
0?8A0==K9 ;>:>< ?>A;5 ?>574:8 2 B0;8N 25A=>9 1909 3>40 F8:; B0;LO=A:85 AB8E8 <>65B ?>:070BLAO GC65@>4=K< 2 B@5BL5< B><5. 540@>< . @NA>2 >E0@0:B5@87>20; 8E ;8HL :0: ?@5:@0A=K5 AB@>DK G8AB>9 ?>M788 . 4=0:> =0AG5B G8AB>9 ?>M788 @NA>2 >H81AO. <5==> 745AL ;>: >?@545;O5B ?>78F8N G8AB>3> 8A:CAAB20 :0: B2>@G5A:CN ;>6L . ;53:>< G5;=>:5 8A:CAAB20 <>6=> C?;KBL >B A:C:8 <8@0 , => ?>4;8==>5 8A:CAAB2> =>H0 =0 ?;5G0E , 4>;3, ?>4283. @C3>9 2>?@>A, 3;C1>:> 2>;=CNI89 ?>MB0 8 ?>AB02;5==K9 8< 2 F8:;5, > A>>B=>H5=88 F828;870F88 8 :C;LBC@K. A>2@5<5==>9 F828;870F88 ?>MB CA<0B@8205B 1574CE>2=>5, 0 7=0G8B, @07@CH8B5;L=>5 =0G0;>. <5==> ?>MB>20==CN $;>@5=F8N, 701K2HCN > A2>59 4@52=59 :C;LBC@5, >= =07K205B ?@540B5;L=8F59:
#<@8, $;>@5=F8O, C40,
AG57=8 2 AC<@0: 25:>2>9!
%@8?OB B2>8 02B><>18;8,
"2>8 C@>4;82K 4><0,
A552@>?59A:>9 65;B>9 ?K;8
"K ?@540;0 A51O A0<0.
($;>@5=F8O, 1)
>4;8==0O :C;LBC@0, ?> ;>:C, =5@07@K2=> A2O70=0 A> AB8E859 , B.5. A 687=LN =0@>40. AB8E>B2>@5=88 025==0 A>2@5<5==K9 3>@>4 @8AC5BAO :;0418I5< (4><0 8 ;N48 2A5 3@>10 ) , => 70B> 72CG0B =04?8A8 =0 AB0@8==KE =043@>1LOE:
8HL <54L B>@65AB25==>9 ;0BK=8
>5B =0 ?;8B0E, :0: B@C10.
<5==> 2 MB>< 3>@>45 E@0=8;8I5 =5?@5E>4OI8E F5==>AB59 :C;LBC@K, :>B>@K9, :0: <;045=5F , A?8B C A>==>9 25G=>AB8 2 @C:0E , 8 <>65B ?>O28BLAO B5=L 25;8:>3> D;>@5=B89F0:
"5=L 0=B0 A ?@>D8;5< >@;8=K<
>2>9 87=8 <=5 ?>5B.
@O4CI55 >1=>2;5=85 A2O7K205B . ;>: 8 A >1;8:>< ?@>ABKE 8B0;LO=A:8E 452CH5:, :0640O 87 :>B>@KE <>65B AB0BL 04>==>9 8 ?>40@8BL <8@C =>2>3> !?0A8B5;O.
0745; 07=K5 AB8E>B2>@5=8O A>45@68B 459AB28B5;L=> @07=K5 ?> A2>545@60=8N AB8E8.
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
"K 1C45HL 4>2>;5= A>1>9 8 65=>9,
!2>59 :>=AB8BCF859 :C?>9,
2>B C ?>MB0 2A5<8@=K9 70?>9,
<0;> 5=AB8BCF89!
4065 CE>4O 87 687=8 (A>10GLO 687=L A>10GLO A<5@BL) , ?>MB 2>72KH05BAO =04 >1K20B5;O<8, 81> 4> :>=F0 A>E@0=O5B 25@C 2 A2>8 8450;K:
CA:09 O C<@C ?>4 701>@><, :0: ?5A,
CABL 687=L <5=O 2 75<;N 2B>?B0;0,
/ 25@N: B> >3 <5=O A=53>< 70=5A,
"> 2LN30 <5=O F5;>20;0!
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
"5<0B8G5A:89 480?07>= F8:;0 (=081>;55 >1J5<=>3> 2 B><5) 25AL<0 H8@>:. 5@=>ABL 8;8 =525@=>ABL G5;>25:0 4CEC <>65B 2K@060BLAO 2 A0>1@07=KE ?@>O2;5=8OE: >B 2KA>:8E 27;5B>2 4CH8 4> 55 ?>4G8=5=8O B5<=K< AB8E8O< , ?045=8O, :0?8BC;OF88 ?5@54 AB@0H=K< <8@>< . >MB><=>385 AB8E>B2>@5=8O F8:;0 =0E>4OBAO :0: 1K 2 >??>78F88 4@C3 4@C3C.
4=> 87 :;NG52KE AB8E>B2>@5=89 F8:;0 0 A<5@BL ><8AA0@652A:>9 . >MB GB8B 55 :0: 25;8:CN 0:B@8AC, :0: EC4>6=8FC , :>B>@0O =5 ;C:028;0, => 1K;0 25@=0 ?;>I5=85 25G=>9 N=>AB8 . > C15645=8N ;>:0, 8AB8==K9 EC4>6=8: =5 CE>48B >B =0A 15AA;54=>.
CA:09 E>BL 2 =515 5@0 A =0<8.
!<>B@8 A:2>7L BCG8: B0< >=0
0725@=CB>5 25B@>< 7=0
15B>20==0O 25A=0.
!>2A5< 8=K5 <5;>488 72CG0B 2 B5E AB8E>B2>@5=8OE, 345 A;KH=K >B72C:8 48A30@<>=88 AB@0H=>3> <8@0 . !@548 =8E 8725AB=>5 / ?@832>645= : B@0:B8@=>9 AB>9:5... > 1572>72@0B=> CB@0G5==>< AG0ABL5 8 3815;L=>9 ;N128-AB@0AB8. =8< >B=>A8BAO 8 '5@=K9 2>@>= 2 AC<@0:5 A=56=><... >4=> 87 ;CGH8E A>740=89 1;>:>2A:>9 ;N1>2=>9 ;8@8:8. >4;8==>3> 3;C1>:>3> GC2AB20 35@>9 AB8E>B2>@5=8O =5 8A?KBK205B ( ;53:>< A5@4F5 AB@0ABL 8 15A?5G=>ABL ) . =5 2540NB >?LO=5==K5 AB@0ABLN 2;N1;5==K5, GB> 04 1574>==K< ?@>20;>< 2 25G=>ABL, // 04KE0OAL, ;5B8B @KA0: .
-B>B C4828B5;L=K9 ?> A2>59 A<5;>AB8 8 5<:>AB8 >1@07-A8<2>; 3>2>@8B 8 > <8<>;5B=>AB8 8 7K1:>AB8 ;N1>2=>3> GC2AB20, 40 8 2>>1I5 G5;>25G5A:>9 687=8, 8 =0?><8=05B > @>:>2>9 7028A8<>AB8 G5;>25:0 >B =5?>42;0AB=KE 5<8@>2KE 70:>=>2, 0 <>65B @0AA<0B@820BLAO 8 :0: =5:>5 0?>:0;8?A8G5A:>5 ?@>@>G5AB2> (2>B >= G5@=K9 2>@>= !) . 025@H0NI0O AB@>D0 >B@572;5=85 35@>O:
!B@0H=K9 <8@! = 4;O A5@4F0 B5A5=!
=5< B2>8E ?>F5;C52 1@54,
"5<=K9 <>@>: FK30=A:8E ?5A5=,
">@>?;82K9 ?>;5B :><5B!
= A=>20 >:07K205BAO ?5@54 ;8F>< AB@0H=>3> <8@0 , 345 ?>F5;C8 B>;L:> 1@54 , 345 G5;>25:0 >:>;4>2K205B B5<=K9 <>@>: FK30=A:8E ?5A5= . !;>2> <>@>: ?>;=>3;0A=0O D>@<0 >B <@0: . : B>4AB25==>5 A;>2C <>@>G8BL . 725AB=>, GB> ;>: ;N18; FK30=A:85 ?5A=8 8 @><0=AK. > 745AL >=8 2KABC?0NB :0: B5<=0O A8;0, ?>A:>;L:C 15@CB 2 ?;5= A2>1>4=CN G5;>25G5A:CN 4CHC. >A;54=OO 65 AB@>:0 2>72@0I05B =0A : B> 2A5 60NI53> =0< :>A<>A0.
&K30=A:0O B5<0 ?@8ACBAB2C5B 8 2 =5:>B>@KE 4@C38E AB8E>B2>@5=8OE F8:;0. =8E A;KH=K >B72C:8 <5B5;L=KE <>B82>2 2B>@>3> B><0, 3C18B5;L=KE ;8;>2KE <8@>2 1;>:>2A:>9 0=B8B57K. 4=> 87 =8E ?CAB8AL, 70=025A:0 ;8=O;0O... AB8;87>20=> ?>4 =0@>4=CN ?5A=N:
!38=L, FK30=A:0O 687=L =51K20;0O,
>30A8, A><:=8 >G8 B2>8!
B4020OAL 4> :>=F0 AB8E88 FK30=A:8E AB@0AB59, 35@>9, GB> =07K205BAO, ?@>6830; 687=L . 2>B ?5G0;L=K9 8B>3: !?0;5=0 <>O AB5?L, B@020 A20;5=0, // 8 >3=O, =8 72574K =0 ?CB8... !E>4=0O A8BC0F8O 8 2 4@C3>< FK30=A:>< AB8E>B2>@5=88 >340-B> 3>@4K9 8 =04<5==K9... .
>4>1=K5 B@038G5A:85, 3815;L=K5 <>B82K A>AB02;ONB ACI5AB25==CN G0ABL ;8@8G5A:>3> =0A;548O . ;>:0. >;55 B>3>, >=8 >@30=8G=K 4;O 53> ?>MB8G5A:>3> >1;8:0 8 @0A:@K20NB A;>6=>ABL 8 ?@>B82>@5G82>ABL 53> 4CH8. ... / 2A5340 1K; ?>A;54>20B5;5= 2 >A=>2=><, ?>4G5@:820; ?>MB, O ?>A;54>20B5;5= 8 2 A2>59 ;N128 : 3815;8 (=57=0=85 > 1C4CI5<, >:@C65==>ABL =58725AB=K<, 25@0 2 AC4L1C 8 B.4. A2>9AB20 <>59 ?@8@>4K, 1>;55 G5< ?A8E>;>38G5A:85 . > ?@8 MB>< A;54C5B ?>=8<0BL, GB> 3815;L 8 <@0: MB> B>;L:> =587156=K5 MB0?K 1>;LH>3> 8 B@C4=>3> ?CB8 ?>MB0. 0725 <>6=> <8=>20BL <@0: , 84O : A25BC ? 2>?@>H0; A>2A5< 5I5 N=K9 ;>:. ?@54=07=0G5==K9 5= ?@>H5; 8 4> :>=F0.
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
1@07 0@<5= C ?>MB0 <=>3>;8:, A8=B5B8G5=. 0@<5= 8 35@>8=O >?5@K 875, 8 A>2@5<5==0O 65=I8=0. =0 8 =57028A8<0O, 2>;L=>;N1820O 8A?0=A:0O FK30=:0, 8 A;02O=:0, :>B>@CN 35@>9 ?>4 70;828ABK9 :@8: 6C@02;O >1@5G5= 640BL C ?;5B=O 4> 70:0B0 3>@OG53> 4=O . !B8E89=>5 =0G0;> 2K@065=> 2 =59 2 A0 ?@>O2;5=8OE >B AB8E88 A6830NI59 AB@0AB8, AB8E88 ?@8@>4K 8 :>A<>A0 4> B2>@G5A:>9 AB8E88 A25B;5=85. -B8< 8 1;87:0 35@>8=O F8:;0 ;8@8G5A:>N: 5;>4859 >4=>9 72CG0B ?5G0;L 8 @04>ABL...
> O ;N1;N B51O: O A0< B0:>9, 0@<5=.
(5B, =8:>340 <>59, 8 BK =8GL59 =5 1C45HL...)
0@<5= ?>A;54=89 1;>:>2A:89 F8:; > ;N128 =5 B>;L:> A2O70= A ?@54H5AB2CNI8<8 5<8 8 A:@8?:0<8 , => O2;O5BAO A2>5>1@07=K< ?5@5E>4>< : ?>M<5 !>;>2L8=K9 A04 . =59 B<5B8<, GB> ?>M<0 MB0 =>2K9 H03 ;>:0 2 ?>8A:0E A<5AB0 G5;>25:0 2 =59. #E>4O 87 70<:=CB>3> :@C30 A>;>2L8=>3> A040 , ?>MB 2ABC?05B 2 H8@>:89 8 AC@>2K9 <8@, 70:;NG0NI89 2 A515 BC ?>4;8==CN 8 2KA>:CN ?@024C, : ?>AB865=8N :>B>@>9 >= AB@5<8;AO =0 ?@>BO65=88 2A53> A2>53> B2>@G5A:>3> ?CB8. "0: 2>7=8: F8:; >48=0 , 5420 ;8 =5 25@H8==K9 F8:; =5 B>;L:> B@5BL53> B><0, => 8 2A59 ?>M788 . ;>:0.
"5<0 @>48=K, >AA88 A:2>7=0O 1;>:>2A:0O B5<0. 0 >4=>< 87 ?>A;54=8E 53> 2KABC?;5=89, 345 ?>MB G8B0; A08 AB8E>B2>@5=8O, 53> ?>?@>A8;8 ?@>G5ABL AB8E8 > >AA88. -B> 2A5 > >AA88 , >B25B8; ;>: 8 =5 ?>:@828; 4CH>9, 81> B5<0 >AA88 1K;0 4;O =53> ?>8AB8=5 2A5>1J5<;NI0. 4=0:> =081>;55 F5;5CAB@5<;5==> >= >1@0B8;AO : 2>?;>I5=8N MB>9 B54 @50:F88. ?8AL<5 : . !. !B0=8A;02A:>: ?8H5B: ... !B>8B ?5@54> <=>9 <>O B5<0, B5<0 > >AA88 (2>?@>A >1 8=B5;;835=F88 8 =0@>45, 2 G0AB=>AB8) . -B>9 B5<5 O A>7=0B5;L=> 8 15A?>2>@>B=> ?>A2OI0N 687=L. A5 O@G5 A>7=0N, GB> MB> ?5@259H89 2>?@>A, A0 O ?>4E>6C 402=>, A =0G0;0 A2>59 A>7=0B5;L=>9 687=8 .
>48=0 4;O ;>:0 ?>=OB85 =0AB>;L:> H8@>:>5, GB> >= ?>AG8B0; 2>7<>6=K< 2:;NG8BL 2 F8:; 8 AB8E>B2>@5=8O AC3C1> 8=B8<=K5 (>A5I5=85 , K< >B :>AB@0 AB@C5N A87>9... , @81;8605BAO 72C:. ?>:>@=0 I5B2>@5=8O, ?@O1@07>< A2O70==K5 A ?@>1;5<0B8:>9 AB@0H=>3> <8@0 (@5H8BL 15AABK4=>, =5?@>1C4=>... , 0 65;57=>9 4>@>35 ) .
42C< ?>A;54=8< AB8E>B2>@5=8O< >1KG=> >1@0I0NBAO B5 1;>:>254K, :B> @0AA<0B@8205B ?CBL ?>MB0 :0: F5;5=0?@02;5==>5 42865=85 >B A8<2>;87<0 : @50;87<>< 45;5, 2 AB8E>B2>@5=88 0 65;57=>9 4>@>35 =5<0;> 687=5==KE @50;89 (@>2 =5:>H5=K9 , ?;0BD>@<0 , A04 A :CAB0<8 1;5:;K<8 , 60=40@< 8 B.4.) . B>< 02B>@ A=0148; 53> ?@8<5G0=85<: 5AA>7=0B5;L=>5 ?>4@060=85 M?87>4C 87 >A:@5A5=8O ">;AB>3>: 0BNH0 0A;>20 2848B 2 >:=5 5E;N4>20 =0 10@E0B=>< :@5A;5 O@:> >A25I5==>3> :C?5 ?5@2>3> :;0AA0 . 070;>AL 1K, 8 7=0<5=8B0O AB@>D0: 03>=K H;8 ?@82KG=>9 ;8=859, >4@03820;8 8 A:@8?5;8; >;G0;8 65;BK5 8 A8=85; 75;5=KE ?;0:0;8 8 ?5;8 B>65 ?>4B25@6405B 38?>B57C > @50;8AB8G=>AB8 AB8E>B2>@5=8O. > :0: @07 745AL < ?@87=0:8 =5 ?@82KG=>3> @50;8AB8G5A:>3>, 0 5<:>3> A8<2>;8G5A:>3> >1@070. 5;BK5, A8=85, 75;5=K5 203>=K (2,1 8 3-3> :;0AA>2) =5 ?@>AB> @50;L=K5 ?@8<5BK 84CI53> ?>5740, 0 A8<2>;K ?>-@07=>682H8EAO G5;>25G5A:8E AC451. !8<2>;8G5= 8 >1@07 35@>8=8. B> >=0? 'B> < > =59? G5=L =5<=>3>. >60;C9, ;8HL B>, GB> >=0 8A?KB0;0 :@CH5=85 =04564 =0 2>7<>6=>5 AG0ABL5. 2>B >=0 @07402;5=0 . G5< ;N1>2LN, 3@O7LN 8;L :>;5A0<8 =5 ACBL 206=>: 2A5 1>;L=> . :>340 72@0I059 AB@>D5 (568B 8 A<>B@8B, :0: 6820O, // F25B=>< ?;0B:5, =0 :>AK 1@>H5==><, // @0A820O 8 <>;>40O ) , =52>;L=> 4C<05BAO: =5 A0<0 ;8 MB> ?>@C30==0O, @07402;5==0O >AA8O. 54L C ;>:0 >=0 =5@54:> ?@54AB05B 2 >1;8:5 65=I8=K 2 F25B0AB>< 8;8 C7>@=>< ?;0B:5. ;C1>:89 A8<2>;8G5A:89 AB2>@5=8O =5 8A:;NG05B 8 B0:>3> 53> ?@>GB5=8O.
!2>5 O4@> F8:;0 A>AB02;ONB AB8E8, ?>A2OI5==K5 =5?>A@54AB25==> >AA88. !@548 A0;5 C;8:>2>< 8 AB8E>B2>@5=85 >AA8O (AB0=>284@>1=> 40;LH5) . A2>59 =5@07@K2=>9 A2O78 A @>48=>9, A 55 2> <=>3>< B5<=>9 8 B@C4=>9 AC4L1>9 3>2>@8B ?>MB 2 AB8E>B2>@5=88 CAL <>O, 687=L <>O, 2<5AB5 ;L =0< <0OBLAO?.. . >7=8:0NI89 2 ?>A;54=59 53> AB@>D5 A8<2>;8G5A:89 >1@07 ("8E>5, 4>;3>5, :@0A=>5 70@52> // 064CN =>GL =04 AB0=>2L5< B2>8< ) ?@5425AB85 3@O4CI8E ?5@5<5=.
!>2A5< ?>-8=><0 >AA88 2 AB8E>B2>@5=88 >20O <5@8:0 . >=0G0;C ?5@54 G8B0B5;5< 2A5 B0 65 C1>30O CAL A 55 AB@0H=K< ?@>AB>@>< 8 =5?>=OB=>9 H8@LN . 4=0:> ?>AB5?5==> ;8F> >AA88 ?@>OA=O5BAO (5B, =5 AB0@G5A:89 ;8: 8 =5 ?>AB=K9 // >4 <>A:>2A:8< ?;0B>G:>< F25B=K< ) . 0 55 ?@>AB>@0E ?>O2;ONBAO D01@8G=K5 B@C1K, :>@?CA0 702>4>2, 3>@>40 87 @01>G8E ;0GC3 . ?>A;54=8E AB@>D0E ;>: 3>2>@8B > B><, GB> 8A:>?0530BAB20 @>48=K ?><>3CB 55 >1=>2;5=8N. >4>1=K9 ?0=538@8: C3;N 8 @C45 :065BAO =5>6840==K< 2 CAB0E ?>MB0. 0 A0<>< 65 45;5 ;>: A5@L57=> @07 @>;8 =0F8>=0;L=>9 ?@>AB8 2 25;8:>< 2>7@>645=88 >AA88. C4CI55 >AA88, ?8A0; >=, ;568B 2 5;5 5I5 B@>=CBKE A8;0E =0@>4=KE <0AA 8 ?>475<=KE 1>30BAB2 . MB> =5 ?@>B82>@5G8;> 53> >B@8F0B5;L=>B=>H5=8N : F828;870F88 , ?>B> 53> >20O <5@8:0 =5 AB0@0O <5@8:0 , B> 5ABL =5 !>548=5==K5 (B0BK, 0 ?>MB8G5A:89 >1@07 1C4CI59 >AA88, =>2>3> A25B0 , 5;8:>9 5<>:@0B88 .
&8:; >48=0 7025@H05B =51>;LH>5 AB8E>B2>@5=85 >@HC= . =5< A>A@54>B>G5=K 2A5 254CI85 <>B82K, ?@>72CG02H85 2 F8:;5. "CB 8 ?@8<5BK =51@>A:>3> @>AA89A:>3> ?597060, 8 =0?><8=0=85 > ?>4=52>;L=>9 AC4L15 @CAA:>3> G5;>25:0, 8 G5@BK >B5G5AB25==>9 8AB>@88, 8 >1>1I5==K9 >1@07 A0<>9 @>48=K. A5 MB> 3;C1>:> =0@>4=> 8 =5@07@K2=> A2O70=> A D>;L:;>@=>9 AB8E859. A0< >@HC= A8<2>; B5E 7;>25I8E A8;, :>B>@K5 BO3>B5NB =04 >AA859. >?@>AK, ?>AB02;5==K5 2 :>=F5 AB8E>B2>@5=8O 8 CA8;5==K5 0=0D>@>9 4>:>;5 , =5 O2;ONBAO >1KG=K<8 @8B>@8G5A:8<8 2>?@>A0<8. 2B>@ >1@0I05B 8E 8 : A515, 8 : G8B0B5;O<, 8, 1KBL <>65B, : A0<>9 AB>@88 :0: 0:B82=K9 ?@87K2 : 459AB28N.
070;>AL 1K, F8:; >48=0 <>3 4>AB>9=> 7025@H8BL ?>A;54=89 B>< B@8;>388 2>G5;>25G5=8O . 4=0:> ?>MB ?>AG8B0; =5>1E>48<5AB8BL 2 :>=F5 :=838 =51>;LH>9 F8:; G5< ?>5B 25B5@ , 8A?>;=5==K9 3@CAB=KE, M;538G5A:8E @074C<89. @8G8=C MB>3> C1548B5;L=> >1JOA=8; 8725AB=K9 8AA;54>20B5;L B2>@G5AB20 ;>:0 . . 0:A8<>2: 025@H0O MB8< AC<5@5G=K< A @54:8<8 ?@>A25B0<8 D8=0;>< :> 78F8N B@5BL53> B><0. ;>:, ?>-2848<><8;AO : B>1K 2=CB@5==55 42865=85 2 :=835 =5 2KBO3820;>AL 2 ?@O<>;8=59=CN 8 ?>4>7@8B5;L=CN MB>9 ?@O<>;8=59=>ABLN :@CB> 2>AE>4OICN ;8=8N . AA;54>20B5;L >1@0I05B 2=8<0=85 =0 B>, GB> 70:;NG8B5;L=K9 F8:; G5<-B> ?5@5:;8:05BAO A> AB@0H=K< <8@>< 8, B0:8< >1@07><, B@5B89 B>< BO3>B55B : :>;LF52>AB@>5=8N, GB> A>>B25BAB2C5B A?8@0;5>1@07=>MB0.
<0@B5 1916 3>40, 2 ?5@8>4 A=865=8O A2>59 B2>@G5A:>9 0:B82=>AB8, . ;>: 45;05B <=>3>7=0G8B5;L=>5 ?@87=0=85: 0 4=OE O ?>4C<0; > B><, GB> AB8E8 ?8A0BL <=5 =5 =C6=>, ?>B> O A;8H:>< C<5N MB> 45;0BL. 04> 5I5 87<5=8BLAO (8;8 GB>1K 2>:@C3 87<5=8;>AL) , GB>1K 2=>2L ?>;CG8BL 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@5>4>;520BL <0B5@80; . @5<5= =0ABC?8;> 4;O ?>MB0 2 :>=F5 1917 8 2 A0<>< =0G0;5 1918 3>40 2 ?5@8>4 :BO1@LA:>9 @52>;NF88. !2>5 157>3>2>@>G=>5 ?@8OB85 @52>;NF88 >= >B:@KB> 8 15A:> <8AA=> 2K@078; 2 AB0BL5 =B5;;835=F8O 8 @52>;NF8O . 5 EC4>65AB25==K< M:2820;5=B>< AB0;8 7=0<5=8B0O ?>M<0 25=04F0BL 8 AB8E>B2>@5=85 !:8DK .
>M<0 25=04F0BL D>@<0;L=> =5 2E>48B 2 1;>:>2A:CN B@8;>38N , =>, A2O70==0O A =59 <=>38<8 =8BO<8, >=0 AB0;0 =>2>9 8 2KAH59 ABC?5=LN 53> B2>@G5A:>3> ?CB8. ... O=20@5 1918-3>, A2845B5;LAB2C5B ?>MB, O 2 ?>A;54=89 @07 >B40;AO AB8E88 =5 <5=55 A;5?>, G5< 2 O=20@5 1907 (!=56=0O <0A:0 . 2B.) 8;8 2 <0@B5 1914 (0@<5= . 2B.) . > 2@5A;5 >:>=G0=8O 25=04F0B8 O =5A:>;L:> 4=59 >ICI0; D878G5A:8, A;CE><, 1>;LH>9 HC< 2>:@C3 HC< A;8B=K9 (25@>OB=>, HC< >B :@CH5=8O AB0@>3> <8@0) . 5I5: ... >M<0 =0?8A0=0 2 BC 8A:;NG8B5;L=CN 8 2A5340 :>@>B:CN ?>@C, :>340 ?@>=>AOI89AO @52>;NF8>==K9 F8:;>= ?@>872>48B 1C@N 2> 2A5E <>@OE ?@8@>4K, 687=8 8 8A:CAAB20 .
>B MB0 1C@O 2> 2A5E <>@OE 8 =0H;0 A2>5 A3CI5==>5 2K@065=85 2 ?>M<5. A5 55 459AB285 @0725@BK205BAO =0 D>=5 @073C;O2H8EAO ?@8@>4=KE AB8E89 (5B5@, 25B5@ // 0 2A5< 1>6L5< A25B5! , 5B5@ E;5AB:89 , >= 3C;O5B , A28I5B , 8 7>; 8 @04 , @07K3@0;0AL GB>9-B> 2LN30 , >E, ?C@30 :0:0O, A?0A5! , LN30 4>;38< A<5E>< // 0;8205BAO 2 A=530E 8 B.4.) . G5284=>, GB> >1@07K 25B@0, <5B5;8 @><0=B8G=K 8 8<5NB A8<2>;8G5A:89 A
> >A=>20 A>45@60=8O MB>3> ?@>872545=8O 1C@O 2 <>@5 687=8. !B@>O AN65B ?>M: H8@>:> 8A?>;L7C5B ?@85< :>=B@0AB0, :>B>@K9 70O2;5= C65 2 ?5@2KE 42CE AB@>:0E: '5@=K9 25G5@.// 5;K9 A=53 . 57:>5 ?@>B82>?>AB02;5=85 42CE <8@>2 G5@=>3> 8 15;>3> , AB0@>3> 8 =>2>3> A ?>;=>9 >?@545;5==>ABLN 2KO2;O5BAO 2 42CE ?5@2KE 3;020E ?>M4=>9 87 =8E A0B8@8G5A:85 70@8A>2:8 >1;><:>2 AB0@>3> <8@0 (1C@6CO, ?8A0B5;O-28B88 , B>20@8I0-?>?0 , 10@K=8 2 :0@0:C;5 , C;8G=KE ?@>AB8BCB>:...) . 4@C3>9 :>;;5:B82=K9 >1@07 425=04F0B8 :@0A=>320@459F52, ?@54AB028B5;59 8 70I8B=8:>2 =>2>9 687=8 . ;>: =8A:>;L:> =5 2K?@O<;O5B , =5 8450;878@C5B A2>8E 35@>52. K@078B5;8 =0@>4=>9 AB8E88, >=8 =5ACB 2 A515 8 2A5 55 :@09=>AB8. ! >4=>9 AB>@>=K, MB> ;N48, A>7=0NI85 A2>9 2KA>:89 @52>;NF8>==K9 4>;3 ( 52>;NFL>==K9 45@68B5 H03! // 5C3><>==K9 =5 4@5<;5B 2@03! ) 8 3>B>2K5 53> 8A?>;=8BL:
">20@8I, 28=B>2:C 45@68, =5 B@CAL!
0;L=5<-:0 ?C;59 2 !2OBCN CAL
:>=4>2CN,
871O=CN,
B>;AB>704CN!
! 4@C3>9 2 8E ?A8E>;>388 5I5 682K 8 >BG5B;82> 2K@065=K =0AB@>5=8O AB8E89=>9, 0=0@E8G5A:>9 2>;L=8FK :
0?8@09B5 5B068,
K=G5 1C4CB 3@01568!
B3@510
C;O5B =K=G5 3>;KBL10!
0 8 2AO A>1KB89=0O ;8=8O ?>M5 C189AB2> >4=8< 87 :@0A=>320@459F52 (5B@CE>9) A2>59 ;N1>2=8FK 0BL:8 B>65 2 1>;LH>9 AB5?5=8 >B@0605B =5C?@02;O5<>ABL ?>ABC?:>2 :@0A=>320@459F52 8 2=>A8B 2 55 :>;>@8B B@038G5A:CN >:@0A:C. ;>: 2845; 2 @52>;NF88 =5 B>;L:> 55 25;8G85, => 8 55 3@8<0AK . B>9 65 AB0BL5 =B5;;835=F8O 8 @52>;NF8O G8B05<: 'B> 65 2K 4C<0;8? 'B> @52>;NF8O 848;;8O? 'B> B2>@G5AB2> =8G53> =5 @07@CH05B =0 A2>5< ?CB8? 'B> =0@>4 ?08=L:0? , =0:>=5F, GB> B0: 15A:@>2=> 8 B0: 1571>;57=5==> @07@5H8BAO 25:>20O @0A?@O <564C G5@=>9 8 15;>9 :>ABLN?.. > 3;02=K< 4;O =53> 1K;> B>, GB>1K >:BO1@LA:85 3@8<0AK , :>B>@KE, ?> 53> C15645=8N, 1K;> >G5=L <0;> <>3;> 1KBL 2> <=>3> @07 1>;LH5 , =5 70A;>=8;8 >:BO1@LA:>3> 25;8G8O .
5;8G85 8 ?@02>BC @52>;NF88-1C@8 , =5ACI59 2>7<57485 AB0@><8@C, ;>: CB25@6405B 2 70:;NG8B5;L=>9, D8=0;L=>9 3;025 ?>M320@459F52-0?>AB>;>2 =>2>9 687=8 2>7=8:05B >1@07 8ACA0 %@8AB0.
1@07 %@8AB0, 7025@H0NI89 ?>M<=>38< :070;AO A;CG09=K< 8 =5C<5AB=K<. 0 8 A0< 02B>@ =5 1K; ?>;=>ABLN C4>2;5B2>@5= A2>8< @5H5=85<. =5 B>65 =5 =@028BAO :>=5F 25=04F0B8 , ?@87=020;AO >= . 'C:>2A:>340 O :>=G8;, O A0< C4828;AO: ?>G5A? 5C65;8 %@8AB>A? > G5< 1>;LH5 O 23;O4K20;AO, B5< O2AB25==55 O 2845; %@8AB0. O B>340 65 70?8A0; C A51O: A>60;5=8N, %@8AB>A . 2>B 70?8AL ?>MB0 >B 18 D52@0;O 1918 3>40: 'B> %@8AB>A 845B ?5@54 =8<8 =5A><=5==>. 5;> =5 2 B><, 4>AB>9=K ;8 >=8 53> , 0 AB@0H=> B>, GB> >?OBL = A =8<8, 8 @C3>3> ?>:0 =5B; 0 =04> @C3>3>? >65B 1KBL, 8<5==> ?>MB>20B5;59 ?>M7=8:0;8 @07=>>1@07=K5 B@0:B>2:8 A8<2>;8G5A:>3> 1;>:>2A:>3> %@8AB0. %@8AB>A :0: A8<2>; @52>;NF8>=5@0,. %@8AB>A :0: A8<2>; 1C4CI53>, O7KG5A:89 %@8AB>A, AB0@>>1@O4G5A:89 A6830NI89 %@8AB>A, %@8AB>A-A25@EG5;>25:, %@8AB>A :0: 2>?;>I5=85 5G=>9 5=AB25==>AB8, %@8AB>A-EC4>6=8: 8 4065 %@8AB>A-0=B8E@8AB... C<05BAO, GB> 2A5 MB8 ?>-A2>5AB@>C<=K5 4>?CI5=8O C2>4OB >B 3;02=>3>. ;02=>5 65 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB> >1@07 %@8AB0 ?>72>;O5B ?>MBC >?@0240BL @52>;NF8N A B>G:8 7@5=8O 2KAH59 A?@0254;82>AB8.
=0:>=5F, > 1C@5 2 <>@5 8A:CAAB20 , B> 5ABL > EC4>65AB25==>< =>20B>@AB25 25=04F0B8 . B402H8AL 4> :>=F0 AB8E88 , ?>MB AC<5; >B@078BL 2 ?>M<5 BC B>@0O 72CG0;0 8 2>:@C3 =53> ; 2 =5< A0<><. -B> >B@078;>AL 2 @8B<8G5A:><, ;5:A8G5A:>< 8 60=@>2>< <=>3>3>;>A88 ?>M==K5 O<1 8 G0I5 2A53> 72CG0I89 2 ?>M<5 E>@59 A>G5B0NBAO A @07=>AB>?=K<8 <>48D8:0F8O<8 :;0AA8G5A:8E @07<5@>2, A 4>;L=8:><, 0 8=>9 @07 8 A =5@8D<>20==K< AB8E><. ?>M<5 72CG0B 8=B>=0F88 <0@H0, 3>@>4A:>3> @><0=A0, G0ABCH:8, @52>;NF8>==>9 8 =0@>4=>9 ?5A=8, ;>7C=3>2KE ?@87K2>2. ;>: H8@>:> 8A?>;L7C5B @073>2>@=CN, 0 70G0ABCN 8 A=865==CN C;8G=CN ;5:A8:C. 2A5 MB> =0AB>;L:> >@30=8G=> A;8;>AL 2 548=>5 F5;>5, GB> ;>: 2 45=L 7025@H5=8O ?>M40, 45@7=C; ?><5B8BL 2 A2>59 70?8A=>9 :=86:5: !53>4=O O - 35=89 A;54 70 25=04F0BLN 1K;> =0?8A0=> AB8E>B2>@5=85 !:8DK . @>B82>?>AB02;OO F828;87>20==K9 0?04 8 @52>;NF8>==CN CAL, ?>MB >B 8<5=8 @52>;NF8>==>9 A:8DA:>9 >AA88 ?@87K205B =0@>4K 2@>?K ?>;>68BL :>=5F C60A0< 2>9=K 8 2;>68BL AB0@K9 <5G 2 =>6=K . !B8E>B2>@5=85 7025@H05BAO ?@87K2>< : 548=5=8N:
?>A;54=89 @07 >?><=8AL, AB0@K9 <8@!
0 1@0BA:89 ?8@ B@C40 8 <8@0,
?>A;54=89 @07 =0 A25B;K9 1@0BA:89 ?8@
!7K205B 20@20@A:0O ;8@0!
"0: 7025@H8;0AL B@8;>38O 2>G5;>25G5=8O . "0: 7025@H8;AO B@C4=K9 ?CBL ?>MB0, ?CBL 8A?>;=5==K9 25;8:8E EC4>65AB25==KE >B:@KB89 8 A25@H5=89.
0AB>OI89 EC4>6=8: =5 CE>48B 87 687=8 15AA;54=>. K C<8@05<, 0 8A:CAAB2> >AB05BAO , 70<5B8; ;>: =0 B>@65AB25==>< A>1@0=88, ?>A2OI5==>< CH:8=C. ;>:0 =5B, => 53> 1>30B59H55 =0A;54AB2> A =0<8. 3> AB8E8 2> <=>3>< B@038G=K, ?>B> B@038G=K< 1K;> 8 53> 2@5 A0< 65 ?>MB CB25@640;, GB> =5 C3@N ACBL 53> B2>@G5AB20. =0 2 A;C65=88 1C4CI55< ?>A;54=5< AB8E>B2>@5=88 (CH:8=A:>MB A=>20 =0?><8=05B =0< >1 MB><:
@>?CA:0O 4=59 3=5BCI8E
@0B:>2@5<5==K9 >1<0=,
@>7@520;8 4=59 3@O4CI8E
!8=5-@>7>2K9 BC<0=.
A;8 2K ;N18B5 <>8 AB8E8, ?@5>4>;59B5 8E O4, ?@>GB8B5 2 =8E > 1C4CI5< . ! MB8< ?>65;0=85< ;5:A0=4@ ;>: >1@0I05BAO =5 B>;L:> : A2>5@@5A?>=45=BC, => 8 : A2>8< G8B0B5;O<.



html-cAK;:0 =0 ;>: ..
BB-cAK;:0 =0 "18>3@0D8O ;>: .."
@O<0O AAK;:0 =0 ":@0B:0O 18>3@0D8O ;>: .."

>E>685 18>3@0D88:

1) 1@07 3>@>40 2 >4=>< 87 ?@>872545=89 @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K XX 25:0. (..;>:. !B8E8.)
2) >9 ;N18MB !5@51@O=>3> 25:0 (. . ;>:)
3) ;5:A0=4@ ;>: 8 52>;NF8O (=0 ?@8<5@5 ?>M;NF8O»)
4) 8:8 AB@0H=>3> <8@0 2 ?>M788 . .;>:0
5) ;5:A0=4@ ;>: 8 @52>;NF8O (>M<0 "25=04F0BL")
6) «5;>4859 >4=>9 72CG0B ?5G0;L 8 @04>ABL...» ("5<0 ;N128 2 ;8@8:5 . ;>:0)
7) "5;>4859 >4=>9 72CG0B ?5G0;L 8 @04>ABL..." ("5<0 ;N128 2 ;8@8:5 .. ;>:0.)
8) «5;>4859 >4=>9 72CG0B ?5G0;L 8 @04>ABL...» (B5<0 ;N128 2 ;8@8:5 . ;>:0).
9) "5<0 ?>MB0 8 ?>M788 2 ;8@8:5 .;>:0
10) 0: 2 ?>M<5 . . ;>:0 «25=04F0BL» >1=0@C68205BAO A;><;5==>ABL AB0@>3> <8@0?
11) "!<5@BL ?>MB0", ">MB" 8 "@>@>:"
12) =0G5=85 A8<2>;8G5A:8E >1@07>2 2 >4=>< 87 ?@>872545=89 @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K XX 25:0. (.. ;>:. «25=04F0BL»,)
13) CBL @83>@8O 5;5E>20 : 8450;C 8AB8=>9 687=8- MB> B@038G5A:8 ?CBL >1@5B5=8O >H81>: 8 ?>B5@L :>B>@K9 1K; ?@>945= 2A5< @CAA:8< =0@>4>< 2 20 25:5
14) ">@L10 5ABL CA;>285 687=8..." ..5;8=A:89. (> B2>@G5AB2C .;>:0)
15) @>@>G5AB2> ?>MB0 . ;>:0
Яндекс.Метрика