<=>3> ?>E>68E 18>3@0D89 ?8A0B5;O 015;L .-..">
5H51=8:8:

0@80=B 4
015;L .-.A00: <<0=C8;>28G 015;L @>48;AO 1 (13) 8N;O 1894 3>40. 3> 3;02=K5 ?@>872545=8O - ">=0@<8O" 8 "45AA:85 @0AA:07K". = AB0; >4=8< 87 =5<=>38E A>25BA:8E ?@>708:>2, ?>?C;O@=KE 8 70 @C156><.
A00: 015;L 1K; 87 B5E ;N459, :>B>@K< A2>9AB25==> A>74020BL > A515 <8DK. A2>59 02B>18>3@0D8G5A:>9 ?@>75 >= ?@825; <0AAC D0:B>2 87 A2>59 687=8, 2ABC?02H8E 2 O2=>5 ?@>B82>@5G85 A >D8F80;L=K<8 A2845B5;LAB20<8.
"0:, =0?@8<5@, 2 "2B>18>3@0D88" >= ?8H5B > B><, GB> ?@82;5:0;AO : C3>;>2=>9 >B25BAB25==>AB8 F0@A:8<8 2;0ABO<8, >4=0:> ?>4B25@645=8O MB>:C<5=B0E F0@A:>9 >E@0=:8 =5 =0945=>. 1@07 154=>3> <0;LG8:0 87 52@59A:>3> 35BB> O2=> =5 A>3;0AC5BAO A B5<, GB> 8725AB=> > 015;5 87 4@C38E 8AB>G=8:>2.
5BAB2> ?8A0B5;O ?@>H;> >B=N4L =5 2 154=>AB8. B5F 53> 1K; :@C?=K< :C?F><, 70=8<02H8@3>2;59 A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==K< >1>@C4>20=85<. 0;LG8: ?>;CG8; 25;8:>;5?=>5 >1@07>20=85, 2;045; =5A:>;L:8<8 O7K:0<8 (D@0=FC7A:8<, 0=3;89A:8<, =5<5F:8<, 87CG0; 82@8B) 4065 ?5@2K5 A2>8 @0AA:07K, ?OB=04F0B8;5B=8<, >= =0?8A0; =0 D@0=FC7A:><.
0AA:07K "AB>@8O <>59 3>;C1OB=8" 8 "5@20O ;N1>2L" ?>A2OI5=K B5<5 52@59A:8E ?>3@><>2 8 02B>@ 2K405B 8E 70 02B>18>3@0D8G5A:85, => MB> B>65 G0ABL <8D>;>3870F88. 725AB=>, GB> - 2 >B;8G85 >B 35@>52 @0AA:07>2 - A53@>A=C;8AL. 8G=>ABL ?8A0B5;O ?@54AB05B ?5@54 =0<8 :0: 1K 2 42>9=>< A25B5: A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, 53> A>1AB25==K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > A515, 0 A 4@C3>9, A2845B5;LAB20 A>2@5<5==8:>2 (:0: CAB=K5, B0: 8 ?8AL<5==K5), 2ABC?0NI85 2 ?@>B82>@5G85 A CB25@645=8O<8 A0<>3> 015;O.
> @52>;NF88 1C4CI89 ;8B5@0B>@ CA?5205B ?>;CG8BL :><<5@G5A:>5 >1@07>20=85 8 4065 70I8B8BL 48AA5@B0F8N =0 A>8A:0=85 CG5=>9 AB5?5=8 :0=4840B0 M:>=><8G5A:8E =0C:. > ?5@A?5:B820 A845=8O 70 :>=B>@:>9 =5 ?@5;LI0;0 ?K;:>3> N=>HC. 2 1915 3>4C >= C5E0; 87 45AAK 2 5B@>3@04 A D0;LH82K< ?0A?>@B>< 8 157 3@>H0 2 :0@<0=5. AB>;8F5 5AL ?>ABC?8BL A@07C =0 G5B25@BK9 :C@A N@848G5A:>3> D0:C;LB5B0 5B@>3@04A:>3> ?A8E>=52@>;>38G5A:>3> 8=AB8BCB0, GB> 40;> 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>;CG8BL 284 =0 68B5;LAB2>. "0< 65 ?@>87>H;> 53> 7=0:> A >@L:8<, :>B>@K9 ?>=0G0;C ?>445@6820; A?>A>1=>3> N=>HC 8 ?><>3 >?C1;8:>20BL 420 @0AA:070: ";LO A00:>28G 8 0@30@8B0 @>:>DL52=0" 8 "0<0, 8<<0 8 ;;0". 4=0:> ?>A;54CNI85 ;8B5@0BC@=K5 >?KBK >@L:89 =5 >4>1@8; 8, ?> A;>20< A0<>3> ?8A0B5;O, >B?@028; 53> "2 ;N48".
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
I5 >4=8< 1>;LH8< F8:;>< @0AA:07>2 AB0; ">=0@<8O". 55 >A=>2C ;53 687=5==K9 >?KB ?8A0B5;O, =0:>?;5==K9 2> 2@59 :>==>9. MB8E ?@>872545=8OE ?>:070=0 =5?@8:@KB0O ?@0240 > 2>9=5 - 2AO 55 3@O7L 8 65AB>:>ABL. >25AB2>20=85 2 =8E 2545BAO >B ;8F0 :>@@5A?>=45=B0 NB>20 (?>4 MB8< 8<5=5< 2 5@2>9 :>==>9 A;C68; A0< 015;L): >= =01;N405B AB@0H=K5 ?5@8?5B88 2>9=K, 2>AE8I05BAO E@01@>ABLN, C60A05BAO ?@8 2845 15A?>I04=>3> 2708<>8AB@518B5;L=>3> ?@>F5AA0. 0AA:07K @07@CH0;8 ?@82KG=K9 ?;0:0B=K9 >1@07 1>@F0 70 A?@0254;82>ABL. !0< !. . C45==K9, :><0=48@ 5@2>9 :>==>9, @57:> :@8B8:>20; ?8A0B5;O. = CA<>B@5; 2 @0AA:070E ":;525BC" =0 1>9F>2, A2845B5;LAB2> "4535=5@0B82=>AB8" AB0@>9 8=B5;;835=F88. >@L:89, 2ABC?0OAL 70 015;O, =0?@>B82, 2KA:070; <=5=85, GB> ?8A0B5;L =0>1>@>B "C:@0A8; 87=CB@8" :070:>2 ";CGH5, ?@0248255, G5< >3>;L 70?>@>6F52". ">=0@<8O" 1K;0 ?5@52545=0 =0 =5A:>;L:> 8=>AB@0==KE O7K:>2, 8 2A:>@5 ?8A0B5;L AB0; >4=8< 87 A0?C;O@=KE 70 @C156>< A>25BA:8E 02B>@>2.
1930-5 3>4K 015;L =0?8A0; 5I5 @O4 @0AA:07>2, 345 ?>?KB0;AO >B@078BL @50;88 =>2>9 459AB28B5;L=>AB8. @0AA:070E ">=5F 1>3045;L=8" (1932) 8 "$@>8< @0G" (1933) >= >?8AK205B 65AB>:CN @0A?@02C G5:8AB>2 =04 68B5;O<8 AB0@>9 >;4020=:8. >4>1=K5 ?@>872545=8O, :>=5G=> 65, =5 <>3;8 =09B8 >4>1@5=8O C 2;0AB59. 5A<>B@O =0 E>40B09AB2> >@L:>3>, @0AA:07 "$@>8< @0G" =5 1K; >?C1;8:>20=. 04 "=5=0456=K<" ?8A0B5;5< ?>AB5?5==> A3CI0;8AL BCG8. = 1K; 2K=C645= @07@K20BLAO <564C $@0=F859 8 >A:2>9 87-70 B>3>, GB> 70 3@0=8F59 68;0 53> A5 MB> 2K7K20;> 5I5 1>;LH55 @074@065=85 2;0AB59. :>=F5 :>=F>2 =5A<>B@O =0 ?>AB>O==K5 ?C1;8G=K5 70O2;5=8O > ?>445@6:5 !>25BA:>9 2;0AB8, 2 <05 1939 3>40 015;O 0@5AB>20;8 =0 40G5 2 5@545;:8=> ?> 2K128=5=8N. = 1K; @0AAB@5;O= :0: 035=B D@0=FC7A:>9 8 02AB@89A:>9 @07254>: 27 O=20@O 1940 3>40.
@8 0@5AB5 C =53> 87JO;8 =5A:>;L:> @C:>?8A59, :>B>@K5 5420 =5 >:070;8AL =02A5340 CB@0G5==K<8.
20 ;5B ?@>872545=8O >?0;L=>3> ?8A0B5;O 1K;8 =54>ABC?=K G8B0B5;O<. 8HL 2 1957 3>4C ?@>87>H;> 53> 2>72@0I5=85 2 ;8B5@0BC@C: 1K; 8740= A1>@=8: "71@0==>5" A ?@548A;>285< . -@5=1C@30, :>B>@K9 =0720; A00:0 015;O >4=8< 87 2K40NI8EAO ?8A0B5;59 XX 25:0, 1;5ABOI8< AB8;8AB>< 8 <0AB5@>< =>25;;K. 3> 1572@5<5==0O 3815;L AB0;0 >4=>9 87 A0;LH8E ?>B5@L =5 B>;L:> 4;O >B5G5AB25==>9, => 8 4;O <8@>2>9 ;8B5@0BC@K.



html-cAK;:0 =0 015;L .-.
BB-cAK;:0 =0 "18>3@0D8O 015;L .-."
@O<0O AAK;:0 =0 ":@0B:0O 18>3@0D8O 015;L .-."

>E>685 18>3@0D88:

1) . -. 015;L. «>=0@<8O»
2) ">=0@<8O" .015;O
3) >645=85 G5;>25:0 =>2>3> B8?0 2 >3=5 3@0640=A:>9 2>9=K ?> ?@>872545=8N 015;O «>=0@<8O»
4) @><0=5 . 015;O «>=0@<8O»
5) 20-30-5 3>4K @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K. "2>@G5AB2> . 015;O
6) @>1;5<0=87<0 2 ?@>872545=8OE @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K XX 25:0. (. $04552, .015;L, .02@5=52, .">;AB>9.)
7) C<0=87< 8 65AB>:>ABL 2 «>=0@<88» .-. 015;O (=0 ?@8<5@5 @0AA:070 «!>;L»)
8) >72@0I5=85 ?8A0B5;O (.C;30:>2)
9) 1@07 C30G520 2 ?>25AB8 CH:8=0 «:0?8B0=A:0O 4>G:0» O2;O5BAO >4=8< 87 F5=B@0;L=KE. C30G52 ?>E>6 =0 35@>O :070F:8E ?5A5= 8 1K;8=. D8F5@K F0@A:>9
10) 015;L .-.
11) 015;L .-.
12) 015;L .-.
13) "@03548O 3@0640=A:>9 2>9=K 2 «>=0@<88» .-. 015;O (=0 ?@8<5@5 @0AA:070 «!<5@BL >;3CH>20»)
14) 0AB5@AB2> ?8A0B5;O 2 87>1@065=88 8AB>@88. (0 ?@8<5@5 ?@>872545=89 @CAA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K XX 25:0. - ..C=8=. «5@52=O», «!CE>4>;».)
15) @>1;5<0 2708<>>B=>H5=89 8=B5;;835=F88 8 =0@>40 2 «>=0@<88» . -. 015;O
Яндекс.Метрика